contribution 音标拼音: [k
, ɑntrəbj'uʃən]
n . 贡献,捐献;撰稿;促进,助长
贡献,捐献;撰稿;促进,助长
contribution 作用
contribution 贡献
contribution n 1 :
the part played by a person in bringing about a result ; "
I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project ";
"
they all did their share of the work " [
synonym :
{
contribution }, {
part }, {
share }]
2 :
a voluntary gift (
as of money or service or ideas )
made to some worthwhile cause [
synonym : {
contribution }, {
donation }]
3 :
act of giving in common with others for a common purpose especially to a charity [
synonym : {
contribution }, {
donation }]
4 :
an amount of money contributed ; "
he expected his contribution to be repaid with interest "
5 :
a writing for publication especially one of a collection of writings as an article or story Contribution \
Con `
tri *
bu "
tion \,
n . [
L .
contributio :
cf .
F .
contribution .]
1 .
The act of contributing .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
That which is contributed ; --
either the portion which an individual furnishes to the common stock ,
or the whole which is formed by the gifts of individuals .
[
1913 Webster ]
A certain contribution for the poor saints which are at jerusalem . --
Rom .
xv .
26 .
[
1913 Webster ]
Aristotle '
s actual contributions to the physical sciences . --
Whewell .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 . (
Mil .)
An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country .
[
1913 Webster ]
These sums , . . .
and the forced contributions paid by luckless peasants ,
enabled him to keep his straggling troops together . --
Motley .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 . (
Law )
Payment ,
by each of several jointly liable ,
of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their number for the common benefit .
[
1913 Webster ]
120 Moby Thesaurus words for "
contribution ":
accommodation ,
accordance ,
alms ,
alms fee ,
assessment ,
association ,
award ,
awarding ,
benefaction ,
beneficence ,
bestowal ,
bestowment ,
blackmail ,
call ,
call for ,
cess ,
chanty ,
charity ,
claim ,
cochairmanship ,
collection ,
communication ,
complicity ,
concession ,
condominium ,
conferment ,
conferral ,
conscience money ,
copartnership ,
copartnery ,
cotenancy ,
deliverance ,
delivery ,
demand ,
demand for ,
direct tax ,
dole ,
donation ,
donative ,
draft ,
drain ,
duty ,
endowment ,
engagement ,
exaction ,
extortion ,
extortionate demand ,
furnishment ,
gifting ,
giving ,
graduated taxation ,
grant ,
granting ,
handout ,
having a part ,
heavy demand ,
impartation ,
impartment ,
imposition ,
impost ,
indent ,
indirect tax ,
insistent demand ,
investiture ,
involvement ,
joint chairmanship ,
joint control ,
joint ownership ,
joint return ,
joint tenancy ,
levy ,
liberality ,
nonnegotiable demand ,
notice ,
offer ,
offering ,
offertory ,
order ,
partaking ,
participation ,
partnership ,
pittance ,
presentation ,
presentment ,
progressive tax ,
provision ,
requirement ,
requisition ,
rush ,
rush order ,
separate returns ,
sharing ,
single tax ,
subscription ,
suffrage ,
supertax ,
supplying ,
surrender ,
surtax ,
tax ,
tax base ,
tax dodging ,
tax evasion ,
tax exemption ,
tax return ,
tax structure ,
tax withholding ,
tax -
exempt status ,
taxable income ,
taxation ,
taxing ,
tithe ,
toll ,
tribute ,
ultimatum ,
voting ,
votive offering ,
vouchsafement ,
warning ,
withholding tax CONTRIBUTION ,
civil law .
A partition by which the creditors of an insolvent debtor divide ,
among themselves the proceeds of his property ,
proportionably to the amount of their respective credits .
Civ .
Code of Lo .
art .
2522 ,
n .
10 .
It is a division pro rata .
Merl .
Rep .
h .
t .
CONTRIBUTION ,
contracts .
When two or more persons jointly owe a debt ,
and one is compelled to pay the whole of it ,
the others are bound to indemnify him for the payment of their shares ;
this indemnity is called a contribution .
1 Bibb .
R .
562 ;
4 John .
Ch .
R .
545 ;
4 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
3935 -
6 .
2 .
The subject will be considered by taking a view ,
1 .
Of right of the creditors where there are several debtors .
2 .
Of the right of the debtor who pays the whole debt .
3 .
Of the liabilities of the debtors who are liable to contribution .
4 .
Of the liability of land owned by several owners ,
when it is subject to a charge .
5 .
Of the liability of owners of goods in a vessel ,
when part is thrown overboard to save the rest .
3 .-
1 .
The creditor of several debtors ,
jointly bound to him ,
has a right to compel the payment by any he may choose ;
but he cannot sue them severally ,
unless they are severally bound .
4 .-
2 .
When one of several debtors pays a debt ,
the creditor is bound in conscience ,
if not by contract ,
to give to the party paying the debt all his remedies against the other debtors .
1 Cox ,
R .
318 S .
C .
2 B . &
P .
270 2 Swanst .
R .
189 ,
192 ;
3 Bligh ,
59 14 Ves .
160 ;
1 Ves .
31 12 Wheat .
596 1 Hill ,
Ch .
R .
844 ,
351 1 Term .
St .
It .
512 ,
517 ;
1 Ala .
R .
23 ,
28 ;
11 Ohio It .
444 ,
449 8 Misso .
It .
169 ,
175 .
5 .-
3 .
A debtor liable to contribution is not responsible upon a contract ,
but is so in equity .
But courts of common law ,
in modern times ,
have assumed a jurisdiction to compel contribution among sureties ,
in the absence of any positive contract ,
on the ground of an implied assumpsit ,
and each of the sureties may be sued for his respective quota or proportion .
White '
s L .
C .
in Eq .
66 .
The remedy in equity is ,
however ,
much more effective .
For example ,
a surety who pays an entire debt ,
can ,
in equity ,
compel the solvent sureties to contribute towards the payment of the entire debt .
1 Chan .
R .
34 1 Chan .
Cas .
246 ;
Finch ,
R .
15 ,
203 .
But at law he can recover no more than an aliquot part of the whole ,
regard being had to the number of co -
sureties .
2 B . &
P .
268 ;
6 B . &
C .
697 .
6 .-
4 .
When land is charged with the payment of a legacy ,
or an estate with the portion of a posthumous child ,
every part is bound to make contribution .
3 Munf .
R .
29 ;
1 John .
Ch .
R .
425 2 Bouv .
Inst .
n .
1301 .
7 .-
5 .
Contribution takes place in another case ;
namely ,
when in order to save a ship or cargo ,
a part of the goods are cast overboard ,
the ship and cargo are liable to contribution in order to indemnify the owner of the goods lost ,
except his just proportion .
No contribution can be claimed between joint wrong doers .
Bac .
Ab .
Assumpsit A ;
Vide 3 Com .
Dig .
143 ;
8 Com .
Dig .
373 ;
5 Vin .
Ab .
561 ;
2 Supp .
to Ves .
jr .
159 ,
343 ;
3 Ves .
jr .
64 ;
Wesk .
Ins .
130 ;
10 S . &
R .
75 ;
5 B . &
Ad .
936 ;
S .
C .
3 N . &
M .
258 ;
Rast .
Entr .
161 ;
2 Ventr .
348 ;
2 Vern .
592 ;
2 B . &
P .
268 ;
3 B . &
P 235 ;
5 East ,
225 ;
1 J .
P .
Smith 411 5 Esp .
194 ;
3 Campb .
480 ;
Gow ,
N .
P .
C .
13 ;
2 A . &
E .
57 ;
4 N . &
M .
64 ;
6 N . &
M .
494 .
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