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Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Edition (1856)

CONTRIBUTION, civil law. A partition by which the creditors of an insolvent
debtor divide, among themselves the proceeds of his property, proportionably
to the amount of their respective credits. Civ. Code of Lo. art. 2522, n.
10. It is a division pro rata. Merl. Rep. h.t.


CONTRIBUTION, contracts. When two or more persons jointly owe a debt, and
one is compelled to pay the whole of it, the others are bound to indemnify
him for the payment of their shares; this indemnity is called a
contribution. 1 Bibb. R. 562; 4 John. Ch. R. 545; 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 3935-6.
2. The subject will be considered by taking a view, 1. Of right of the
creditors where there are several debtors. 2. Of the right of the debtor who
pays the whole debt. 3. Of the liabilities of the debtors who are liable to
contribution. 4. Of the liability of land owned by several owners, when it
is subject to a charge. 5. Of the liability of owners of goods in a vessel,
when part is thrown overboard to save the rest.
3.-1. The creditor of several debtors, jointly bound to him, has a
right to compel the payment by any he may choose; but he cannot sue them
severally, unless they are severally bound.
4.-2. When one of several debtors pays a debt, the creditor is bound
in conscience, if not by contract, to give to the party paying the debt all
his remedies against the other debtors. 1 Cox, R. 318 S. C. 2 B. & P. 270 2
Swanst. R. 189, 192; 3 Bligh, 59 14 Ves. 160; 1 Ves. 31 12 Wheat. 596 1
Hill, Ch. R. 844, 351 1 Term. St. It. 512, 517; 1 Ala. R. 23, 28; 11 Ohio
It. 444, 449 8 Misso. It. 169, 175.
5.- 3. A debtor liable to contribution is not responsible upon a
contract, but is so in equity. But courts of common law, in modern times,
have assumed a jurisdiction to compel contribution among sureties, in the
absence of any positive contract, on the ground of an implied assumpsit, and
each of the sureties may be sued for his respective quota or proportion.
White's L. C. in Eq. 66. The remedy in equity is, however, much more
effective. For example, a surety who pays an entire debt, can, in equity,
compel the solvent sureties to contribute towards the payment of the entire
debt. 1 Chan. R. 34 1 Chan. Cas. 246; Finch, R. 15, 203. But at law he can
recover no more than an aliquot part of the whole, regard being had to the
number of co-sureties. 2 B. & P. 268; 6 B. & C. 697.
6.-4. When land is charged with the payment of a legacy, or an estate
with the portion of a posthumous child, every part is bound to make
contribution. 3 Munf. R. 29; 1 John. Ch. R. 425 2 Bouv. Inst. n. 1301.
7.-5. Contribution takes place in another case; namely, when in order
to save a ship or cargo, a part of the goods are cast overboard, the ship
and cargo are liable to contribution in order to indemnify the owner of the
goods lost, except his just proportion. No contribution can be claimed
between joint wrong doers. Bac. Ab. Assumpsit A; Vide 3 Com. Dig. 143; 8
Com. Dig. 373; 5 Vin. Ab. 561; 2 Supp. to Ves. jr. 159, 343; 3 Ves. jr. 64;
Wesk. Ins. 130; 10 S. & R. 75; 5 B. & Ad. 936; S. C. 3 N. & M. 258; Rast.
Entr. 161; 2 Ventr. 348; 2 Vern. 592; 2 B. & P. 268; 3 B. & P 235; 5 East,
225; 1 J. P. Smith 411 5 Esp. 194; 3 Campb. 480; Gow, N. P. C. 13; 2 A. & E.
57; 4 N. & M. 64; 6 N. & M. 494.

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