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phlogiston    
n. 燃素,热素

燃素,热素

phlogiston
n 1: a hypothetical substance once believed to be present in all
combustible materials and to be released during burning

Phlogiston \Phlo*gis"ton\ (fl[-o]*j[i^]s"t[o^]n; 277), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. flogisto`s burnt, set on fire, fr. flogi`zein to set
on fire, to burn, fr. flo`x, flogo`s, a flame, blaze. See
{Phlox}.] (Old Chem.)
The former hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability,
regarded by Stahl as a chemical element; it is now known to
be nonexistent.
[1913 Webster PJC]

Note: This was supposed to be united with combustible
(phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from
incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena
of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston.
Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure
phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was,
that combustion was a decomposition rather than the
union and combination which it has since been shown to
be. This theory is now discredited and superseded by
the theory of chemical reaction between oxidizable
substances and oxidants as an explanation of combustion
[1913 Webster PJC]


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  • Qutb Minar - Wikipedia
    Qutb Minar was begun after the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque Drawing references from their Ghurid homeland, Qutub-ud-Din Aibak and Shamsu’d-Din Iltutmish constructed a minar (minaret) at the south-eastern corner of the Quwwatu’l-Islam between 1199 and 1503
  • Qutb Minar complex - Wikipedia
    Apart from the Qutb Minar and the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, other structures in the complex include the Alai Darwaza gate, the Alai Minar and the Iron pillar Inside the complex lie the tombs of Iltutmish, Alauddin Khalji and Imam Zamin
  • Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
    Built of red and buff sandstone and eloquently carved with inscriptional bands, the Qutb Minar is the tallest masonry tower in India, measuring 72 5 metres high, with projecting balconies for calling all Muadhdhin to prayer An iron pillar in the courtyard gave the mosque a unique Indian aesthetic
  • Qutub Minar Qutab Minar Qutb Minar Delhi (Entry Fee, Timings . . .
    Delhi Qutub Minar boasts of being one of the tallest minarets in the world as the height of Qutub Minar is 72 5 meters Built in 1192 by Qutab-ud-din Aibak, it is considered to be first building, marking the arrival of Muslim rulers in the country
  • Qutub Minar: History, Architecture Visitor Guide
    A polished interactive webpage about Qutub Minar, its dynastic construction, architecture, complex monuments, visitor information, and heritage debates
  • Complete Guide to Visiting the Qutub Minar in Delhi
    Located in South Delhi’s Mehrauli district, the Qutub Complex is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to some of the city’s most iconic monuments At its heart stands the Qutub Minar, a soaring brick tower that remains one of Delhi’s most recognizable landmarks
  • ::Qutab Minar - delhitourism. gov. in
    Qutbu'd-Din Aibak laid the foundation of Minar in AD 1199 for the use of the mu'azzin (crier) to give calls for prayer and raised the first storey, to which were added three more storeys by his successor and son-in-law, Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish (AD 1211-36)
  • Qutb Minar - Encyclopedia Britannica
    Qutb Minar, among the tallest minarets in Asia, built in Delhi beginning at the turn of the 13th century by Qutb ud-Din Aibak and completed by his successor, Iltutmish
  • Qutb Minar and its Monuments (1993), Delhi
    Qutbu’d-Din Aibak laid the foundation of Minar in AD 1199 for the use of the mu’azzin (crier) to give calls for prayer and raised the first storey, to which were added three more storeys by his successor and son-in-law, Shamsu’d-Din Iltutmish (AD 1211-36)
  • Qutub Minar Delhi: Complete Visitor Guide
    Qutub Minar is not just a tower; it is a vertical record of the Delhi Sultanate, later repairs, local craftsmanship, and the beginning of monumental Indo-Islamic architecture in North India





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