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ontology    音标拼音: [ɑnt'ɑlədʒi]
n. 存在论

存在论

ontology
n 1: (computer science) a rigorous and exhaustive organization
of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and
contains all the relevant entities and their relations
2: the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence

Ontology \On*tol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. ? the things which exist
(pl.neut. of ?, ?, being, p. pr. of ? to be) -logy: cf. F.
ontologie.]
1. That department of the science of metaphysics which
investigates and explains the nature and essential
properties and relations of all beings, as such, or the
principles and causes of being.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Computers) A systematic arrangement of all of the
important categories of objects or concepts which exist in
some field of discourse, showing the relations between
them. When complete, an ontology is a categorization of
all of the concepts in some field of knowledge, including
the objects and all of the properties, relations, and
functions needed to define the objects and specify their
actions. A simplified ontology may contain only a
hierarchical classification (a {taxonomy}) showing the
type subsumption relations between concepts in the field
of discourse. An ontology may be visualized as an abstract
graph with nodes and labeled arcs representing the objects
and relations.

Note: The concepts included in an ontology and the
hierarchical ordering will be to a certain extent
arbitrary, depending upon the purpose for which the
ontology is created. This arises from the fact that
objects are of varying importance for different
purposes, and different properties of objects may be
chosen as the criteria by which objects are classified.
In addition, different degrees of aggregation of
concepts may be used, and distinctions of importance
for one purpose may be of no concern for a different
purpose.
[PJC]

28 Moby Thesaurus words for "ontology":
aesthetics, axiology, casuistry, cosmology, epistemology, ethics,
existentialism, first philosophy, gnosiology, logic,
mental philosophy, metaphysics, moral philosophy, phenomenology,
philosophastry, philosophic doctrine, philosophic system,
philosophic theory, philosophical inquiry,
philosophical speculation, philosophy, school of philosophy,
school of thought, science of being, sophistry, theory of beauty,
theory of knowledge, value theory

1. A systematic account of Existence.

2. (From philosophy) An explicit
formal specification of how to represent the objects, concepts
and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of
interest and the relationships that hold among them.

For {AI} systems, what "exists" is that which can be
represented. When the {knowledge} about a {domain} is
represented in a {declarative language}, the set of objects
that can be represented is called the {universe of discourse}.
We can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set of
representational terms. Definitions associate the names of
entities in the {universe of discourse} (e.g. classes,
relations, functions or other objects) with human-readable
text describing what the names mean, and formal {axioms} that
constrain the interpretation and well-formed use of these
terms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a {logical
theory}.

A set of {agents} that share the same ontology will be able to
communicate about a domain of discourse without necessarily
operating on a globally shared theory. We say that an agent
commits to an ontology if its observable actions are
consistent with the definitions in the ontology. The idea of
ontological commitment is based on the {Knowledge-Level}
perspective.

3. The hierarchical structuring of
knowledge about things by subcategorising them according to
their essential (or at least relevant and/or cognitive)
qualities. See {subject index}. This is an extension of the
previous senses of "ontology" (above) which has become common
in discussions about the difficulty of maintaining {subject
indices}.

(1997-04-09)


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  • Ontology - Wikipedia
    Ontology is the philosophical study of being It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it
  • Ontology | Definition, History Examples | Britannica
    ontology, the philosophical study of being in general, or of what applies neutrally to everything that is real It was called “first philosophy” by Aristotle in Book IV of his Metaphysics
  • Breaking it Down: What is an Ontology? - Enterprise Knowledge
    Developing an ontology, or data model, is an important part of understanding what an organization has, how it can be brought together, and how it can be leveraged to support a successfully unified user experience
  • ONTOLOGY Definition Meaning - Merriam-Webster
    The meaning of ONTOLOGY is a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and relations of being How to use ontology in a sentence
  • Ontology (information science) - Wikipedia
    In information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definitions of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, or entities that pertain to one, many, or all domains of discourse
  • What Is Ontology? Why Does Philosophy Study What Really Exists?
    Ontology is the branch of philosophy that studies beings and their basic categories It asks what exists, how things exist, and how different kinds of beings relate to one another
  • Ontology: Theory and History
    Pure philosophical ontology is different from applied scientific ontology, and ontology in the applied scientific sense can be understood either as a discipline or a domain
  • Definitions of Ontology. First Part: from Wolff to Husserl
    "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization The term is borrowed from philosophy, where an ontology is a systematic account of Existence For knowledge-based systems, what “exists” is exactly that which can be represented
  • Ontology — Definition Overview | Springer Nature Link
    “Ontology” is a philosophical discipline, a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and the organization of being The term “Ontology” has been introduced by Aristotle in Metaphysics, IV, 1
  • Ontology: Explanation and Examples - Philosophy Terms
    Ontology is generally considered to be a sub-field of metaphysics Metaphysics has many definitions, but it means something like “the study of the fundamental nature of reality ”





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