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cybernetics    
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cybernetics
n 1: (biology) the field of science concerned with processes of
communication and control (especially the comparison of
these processes in biological and artificial systems)

49 Moby Thesaurus words for "cybernetics":
aerobiology, agrobiology, anatomy, astrobiology,
automatic electronics, autonetics, bacteriology, biochemics,
biochemistry, biochemy, bioecology, biological science, biology,
biometrics, biometry, bionics, bionomics, biophysics, botany,
cell physiology, circuit analysis, communication theory,
cryobiology, cytology, ecology, electrobiology, embryology,
enzymology, ethnobiology, exobiology, genetics, gnotobiotics,
information theory, life science, microbiology, molecular biology,
pharmacology, physiology, radio control, radiobiology,
servo engineering, servomechanics, system engineering,
systems analysis, systems planning, taxonomy, virology,
xenobiology, zoology

/si:`b*-net'iks/ The study of control and
communication in living and man-made systems.

The term was first proposed by {Norbert Wiener} in the book
referenced below. Originally, cybernetics drew upon
electrical engineering, mathematics, biology, neurophysiology,
anthropology, and psychology to study and describe actions,
feedback, and response in systems of all kinds. It aims to
understand the similarities and differences in internal
workings of organic and machine processes and, by formulating
abstract concepts common to all systems, to understand their
behaviour.

Modern "second-order cybernetics" places emphasis on how the
process of constructing models of the systems is influenced by
those very systems, hence an elegant definition - "applied
epistemology".

Related recent developments (often referred to as {sciences of
complexity}) that are distinguished as separate disciplines
are {artificial intelligence}, {neural networks}, {systems
theory}, and {chaos theory}, but the boundaries between those
and cybernetics proper are not precise.

See also {robot}.

{The Cybernetics Society (http://cybsoc.org)} of the UK.

{American Society for Cybernetics
(http://asc-cybernetics.org/)}.

{IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society
(http://isye.gatech.edu/ieee-smc/)}.

{International project "Principia Cybernetica"
(http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DEFAULT.html)}.

{Usenet} newsgroup: {sci.systems (news:sci.systems)}.

["Cybernetics, or control and communication in the animal and the
machine", N. Wiener, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1948]

(2002-01-01)


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